通过工作计划可以建立工作的优先级顺序确保最重要的任务得到妥善处理，工作计划有助于监控和评估项目的进展，以及识别潜在的风险，以下是范文社小编精心为您推荐的开题报告前工作计划5篇，供大家参考。
开题报告前工作计划篇1
选题的原因、基本内容：
英语成语(idiom)是英语的核心与精华。其内容丰富，寓意深刻，具有浓厚的感情色彩。如果能在文章、谈话或对外交往中，恰当地加以运用，会大大增加语言的表达能力，收到良好的效果。英语谚语是英语语言的精华，是英国艺术宝库的瑰丽明珠。英语谚语的句式特点是句式简单，语言精炼，富于形象比喻，充满浓郁的民族色彩。学习和研究英语谚语有助于启迪思想，开拓视野，了解英国的历史文化、风土人情，以及英国人民的人生哲理，同时还可以学到生动活泼的大众语言。
本文通过比较英汉成语及谚语这两种语言的相似及不同之处，详细的介绍英语成语及谚语。第一部分主要从内容和形式两方面谈谈英语成语及谚语的基本特色;第二部分谈及英语成语及谚语的一般翻译方法和翻译时应该注意的一些问题。
相关资料收集情况：
陈亚光。小议英谚语和成语的创新。上海外国语学院学报，1983。
黄粉保。英汉成语翻译漫谈。云梦学刊，1999/2
顾雪梁。语成语英译探索。广州师范学院学报，1993/2。
张培基，喻云根，李宗杰，彭谟禹。《英汉翻译教程》。北京：x外语教育出版社，xx/8
杨永和。英语谚语的修辞特点研究。重庆工学院学报,xx/3。
论文提纲：
thesis statemen：this essay discourse the features and translation of english
idioms and proverbs. and from the society culture to find out the basic different between chinese.
outline
ⅰ. introduction: for chinese students, english idioms and proverbs is a stumbling block. so the characteristics and translation of idioms and proverbs should be studied.
ⅱ. the characteristics of english idioms and proverbs
a. the characteristics of english idioms
1. simple but rich
2. harmonious phonology
3. vivid metaphor
b. the characteristics of english proverb
1. concise and clear
2. symmetrical sentence pattern
3. rich and varied rhetoric
ⅲ. the translation of english idioms and proverbs
a. the theories of translation
1. literal translation
2. free translation
3. mechanical application of the synonym chinese proverb
4. literal translation and free translation
b. the points of translation
1. the literal translation of proverbs prohibited
2. the translation of proverbs to keep the original text style
3. the translation of proverbs to notice the national characteristic
4. the translation of proverbs to notice the artistic characteristic
ⅳ. conclusion
开题报告前工作计划篇2
开题报告
论文题目：《会计职业道德建设》
选题的目的和意义：会计职业道德是会计行业发展的前提和基础，也是会计从业人员素质的重要体现。随着社会主义市场经济的快速发展，我国企业的会计工作日趋复杂，会计工作的重要性越来越受到社会关注。然而，随着市场经济的深入发展，我国会计职业道德水平在不断下滑，如何加强会计职业道德建设成为人们关注的重要话题。更值得人们关注的是，在会计教学中，职业道德学习往往被忽视，尤其在大学会计教育中，学校更注重专业技能的培养，会计职业道德被放在次要的地位，甚至不会去开设专门的职业道德学习课程，这就造成学生内心对职业道德培养不够重视，从而导致职业道德水平低下。这些问题是非常值得我们去深思的。
朱镕基总理曾经提出“诚信为本、操守为重、坚持原则、不做假账”这一简单而又重要的要求，这就要求会计从业人员要时刻谨记会计职业道德的培养和学习，在工作中严格要求自己，以会计职业道德标准来衡量自己的言行。要想成为一名合格的会计从业人员，职业道德学习不能有丝毫放松，只有在具有良好的职业道德的前提下，自己的专业能力才能得到最大发挥，好刚才能用到刀刃上。因此，会计职业道德建设将是一个永不落伍的话题。
论文结构及主要内容：全文主要分为五大部分，首先要阐明会计职业道德的主要内容和必要性;其次是关于会计职业道德建设在会计高等教育中的重要性，这将是本文最重要的部分;然后是会计职业道德建设与法律的相结合讨论;还要说明领导的配合与支持是会计职业道德得以推广的重要保障;最后要讨论会计职业道德建设再教育的重要性。
开题报告前工作计划篇3
研究生学位论文质量的高低是衡量研究生培养质量的重要标志。而论文水x的高低，很大程度上取决于开题报告的质量。开题报告做的细致，前期虽然花费时间较多，但写起论文来就很顺手，能够做到胸有成竹，从而保证论文在规定时间内保质保量地完成;但如果不重视开题报告，视开题报告为走过场，写起论文来就会没有目标，没有方向，没有思路，可能就要多走弯路，也很难保证论文的质量。
一开题报告的意义
开题报告是研究生在完成调研后写成的关于学位论文选题与如何实施的论述性报告。开题报告既是文献调研的聚焦点，又是学位论文研究工作展开的散射点，对研究工作起到定位作用。
写开题报告的目的是要请老师及专家们帮忙判断一下研究选题有没有价值，研究方法是否奏效，论证逻辑有没有明显缺陷。因此开题报告就要围绕研究的主要内容，拟解决的主要(或阐述的主要观点)，研究步骤、方法及措施为主要内容。如果在开题报告中花费大量笔墨叙述别人的研究成果，而对自己的研究方法寥寥数语一笔带过，则不便于评审老师指导。
二怎样写好开题报告
(一) 通过思维选择课题
研究生的开题报告普遍存在选题不合适的问题。有的提出的问题太“x庸”，有的选题范围太大，研究内容太多、太宽泛，提出的问题不切合硕士生的实际，实践操作起来难度较大。因此应确定研究内容，注重项目的可操作性。
应通过理论思维来发现研究问题。研究生论文要想创造新理论很难，多数是在既有理论的基础上加以发展。其次，选择问题是一个“剥皮”的过程，理论问题总是深深地隐藏在复杂的现实背后，而发现理论问题，则需要运用理论思维的能力。这就需要我们不断锻炼和提高自己的理论思维能力，需要在日常的学习中，不断总结和分析以往的研究者大体是从哪些视角来分析和研究问题，运用了哪些理论工具和方法，通过学习和总结来不断提高自己的理论思维能力，从而选择具有学术理论价值和应用价值，并与国家经济建设及导师承担的科学研究项目紧密结合的研究问题。
(二) 做好文献综述，为开题报告打好基础
研究生学位论文开题报告出现的普遍问题是对文献研读不够，对研究背景了解不够深入，对研究方向上国内外的具体进展情况了解不够全面、详细，资料引用的针对性、可比性不强。有很多学生没有完全搞清开题报告与文献综述的区别，他们的开题报告有很多仅仅是对前人工作的叙述，而对自己的工作介绍甚少。
要想写好开题报告，必须认真研读文献，对所研究的课题有个初步的了解，知道别人都做了哪些工作，哪些方面可以作为自己研究的切入点。因此，文献调研的深入和全面程度，会相当程度地影响开题报告的质量，是学生充分发挥主观能动性的客观基础。
(三) 开题报告的内容及写作技巧
1开题报告的内容
一个清晰的选题，往往已经隐含着论文的基本结论。对现有文献的缺点的评论，也基本暗含着改进的方向。开题报告就是要把这些暗含的结论、论证结论的逻辑推理，清楚地展现出来。开题报告的总步骤是：课题选择—课题综述—论题选择—开题报告。开题报告的基本内容主要包括：选题的意义;研究的主要内容;拟解决的主要问题(阐述的主要观点);研究(工作)步骤、方法及措施;毕业论文(设计)提纲;主要参考文献。开题报告的一般内容包括：
(1) 课题来源、开题依据和背景情况，课题研究目的以及理论意义和实际应用价值。
(2) 文献综述。在阅读规定文献量(不少于50篇其中外文文献占40%以上)的基础上，着重阐述该研究课题国内外的研究现状及发展动态，同时介绍查阅文献的范围以及查阅方式、手段。
(3) 主要研究内容。包括学术构思、研究方法、关键技术、技术路线、实施方案、可行性分析、研究中可能遇到的难点、解决的方法和措施以及预期目标。
(4) 拟采用的实验手段，所需科研和实验条件，估计课题工作量和所需经费，研究工作进度计划。
(5) 主要参考文献，列出至少10篇所查阅参考的文献。
2写好开题报告的技巧
(1) 提出问题注意“层次”
选题是撰写学术论文的第一步，选题是否妥当，直接关系到论文的质量，甚至关系到论文的成功与否。不同于政策研究报告，学术文章聚焦理论层面、解决理论问题。有的学生的选题不具有新颖性，内容没有创新，仅仅是对前人工作的总结，或是对前人工作的重复。在选题时要坚持先进性、科学性、实用性及可行性的原则。在提出问题时，要以“内行”看得懂的术语和明确的逻辑来表述。选题来源包括: 1、与自己实际工作或科研工作相关的、较为熟悉的问题;2、自己从事的专业某问题发展迅速需要综合评价;3、从掌握的大量文献中选择反映本学科的新理论、新技术或新动向的题目。所选题目不宜过大，越具体越容易收集资料，从某一个侧面入手，容易深入。
(2) 瞄准主流文献，随时整理
文献资料是撰写好学术论文的基础，文献越多，就越好写，选择文献时应选择本学科的核心期刊、经典著作等，要注意所选文献的代表性、可靠性及科学性;选择文献应先看近期的(近3～5年)，后看远期的，广泛阅读资料，有必要时还应找到有关文献所引用的原文阅读，在阅读时，注意做好读书卡片或读书笔记。
整理资料时，要注意按照问题来组织文献资料，写文献综述时不是将看过的资料都罗列和陈述出来，而是要按照一定的思路将其提炼出来。只有这样，才能写出好的文献综述，也才能写出好的开题报告，进而为写出好的论文打下基础。
(3) 研究目标具体而不死板
开题报告一般要明确学位论文的研究目标，但研究目标也不宜规定得太死板。学位论文选题和研究目标体现了研究工作的价值特征。
为了保证研究生的培养质量，提高论文质量，就必须对开题报告进行评价。开题报告会由3～5位相关学科的专家对开题报告进行评议，不同学科的开题报告的侧重点不同。开题报告会上研究生应对课题进行详细汇报，并对专家提问做出必要的解释和说明。开题报告的成绩考核以合格、不合格记。评审小组成员最后签名并给出学生是否合格的评审意见，并以百分制打出具体的分数。开题报告成绩不合格者，不得进入课题研究。
为了提高论文质量，研究生必须首先从思想上重视开题报告，在x时的学习中注意积累，从各个方面提高能力，尤其要注意培养通过理论思维发现研究问题的能力。开题报告是研究工作的开始，良好的开端为优秀的学位论文奠定了坚实的基础。
博士研究生开题报告写作经验
一、如何选择问题
首先，关注提出问题的“层次”。不同于政策研究报告，学术文章聚焦理论层面、解决理论问题。理论是由一系列前一设和术语构造的逻辑体系。特定领域的理论有其特定的概念、范畴和研究范式。只有在相同的概念、视角和范式下，理论才能够对话;只有通过对话，理论才能够发展。极少有硕博沦文是创造新理论的，能这样当然最好，但难度很大。我们多数是在既有理论的基础上加以发展。因此，在提出问题时，要以“内行”看得懂的术语和明确的逻辑来表述。
其次，选择问题是一个“剥笋”的过程。理论问题总是深深的隐藏在纷繁复杂的现实背后，而发现理论问题，则需要运用理论思维的能力。理论思维的训练是一个长期积累的过程。不过初学者也不必望而却比，大体上可以分“三步走”：第一步，先划定一个“兴趣范围”，如体育产业、公共服务、农村医疗、高等教育体系等，广泛浏览相关的媒体报道、x文献和和学术文章，找到其中的“症结”或“热点”。第二步，总结以往的研究者大体从哪些理论视角来分析该“症结”或“热点”、运用了哪些理论工具，如公共财政的视角、社会冲突范式等。第三步，考察问题的可研究性，也就是我们自己的研究空间和研究的可行性。例如，利用西方的理论是否无法完全解释x自身的问题?或者同一个问题能否用不同的理论来解释?或者理论本身的前提假设、逻辑推演是否存在缺陷?通过回答这些问题，我们找到自己研究的立足点。不过还要注意我们的研究在规定的一到两年时间内，是否可能完成?资料获取是否可行等等。
最后，如何陈述问题?陈述问题实质上就是凝练核心观点的过程。观点应当来自对现实问题的思考和总结，而不是为了套理论而“削足适履”。x的政治、经济和社会发展充满了动态的、丰富的景象，如何才能用恰当的术语、准确的逻辑表述出来?雄心勃勃的初学者往往提出宏伟的概念或框架，但建议尽可能缩小研究范围、明确研究对象，从而理清对象的内在逻辑，保证能在有限的时间内完成规范的学术论文。
二、如何做文献综述
开题报告前工作计划篇4
how to deal with ellipsis in english-chinese translation
i. purpose and significance
with the development of globalization, the world’s political, economic and cultural communications are becoming increasingly frequent. therefore, the role of translation cannot be ignored. however, the differences between english and chinese cultures that are reflected in the two languages pose considerable difficulty.
it is acknowledged that when doing translation one can not translate word for word, or sentence by sentence. therefore, we must use some translation strategies such as amplification, ellipsis, conversion and so on. ellipsis as one of the basic translation methods plays an essential role in english-chinese rendition. translators apx it in order to make their versions more coherent and understandable.
according to the oxford advanced learner’s english-chinese dictionary, ellipsis means leaving out a word or words from a sentence deliberately, when the meaning can be understood without them. ellipsis in translation does not mean cutting some content from the original articles. what could be omitted are words that are useless in translated works or else they will make the versions redundant or disobey the manner of expression in another language.
some words and phrases are useless in chinese but necessary in english. articles in english are the most significant phenomenon from this aspect. they are very important in english, but we can hardly see any reflection of this part in chinese. ellipsis is designed on the basis of faithfulness to the original text, making it more fluent, smooth, concise, thus conforming to idiomatic chinese. the paper will explore ellipsis in english-chinese translation from five aspects, which are ellipses of pronouns, conjunctions, articles, prepositions, modifications, so as to achieve smoother and clearer communications among china and english-speaking countries.
ii. literature review
long before, some people began to learn other countries’ languages to understand others cultures. in china, xuanzang was the first translator who not only translated the sanskrit sutras into chinese, but introduced the first chinese writings to foreign countries, making foreigners understand china’s ancient culture. meanwhile, he was the first to translate lao tse's works into sanskrit. indian scholars had a high opinion of xuanzang, xxxin china, there is no such great translator, and also in the human cultural history, we can only say that xuanzang is the first great translator.xxx(ye lang, 20xx) we can say that it was xuanzang who motivated people to know the different parts of the world, their cultures and the peoples who live there. then, some big countries such as america, china, and so on became a melting pot.(gu zhengkun, 20xx) people have imperceptibly spent thousands of years in knowing each other.
with china’s entry into wto and its open-up policy, cross-cultural exchanges are increasingly frequent between this country and others. a lot of foreign tourists come to visit china. while traveling, these foreigners are not satisfied with the translations of the scenic spots. sometimes, they even feel confused. a lot of problems exist in the translation, such as misuse of words, poor expression of meaning and so on. all of these poor translations do harm to our country’s international image, and cause a lot of inconveniences for the foreign visitors. (ma zuyi, 20xx). i am fond of tourism and being a free tourist like the others who are good at enjoying their wonderful lives. the love of tourism makes me feel the need to improve the translation. but every time when i have a trip, many unsuitable translations of the names of those scenic spots will embarrass me. tourism is part of intercultural communication, so proper translation of the scenic spots become more and more important to our country.
communication plays a significant role in the globalized society. in order to know each other better, people from all over the world have tried a verity of ways. of course, translation is one of them. all translators have done their best to make the translated works more consistent with the needs of people.(gu jinming, 1997) from my perspective, they really have done a great job. and i want to retrospect the cause of their development. after a thorough evaluation, i choose a branch of translation—ellipsis in translation from english to chinese, then i did the following jobs.
i put all my researches and other stuffs together, and then i found that it is a common case in english and chinese which draws much academic interest. in 1976, halliday and hsan classified ellipsis into nominal, verbal and clausal ellipsis. this classification exerts great influence in academic circle. thereafter, ellipsis in chinese and english has been studied according to this theory, which is based on different layers of structure. this kind of study underlines differentiations and similarities of ellipsis in chinese and english.
another famous theory to explain ellipsis is economy principle. economy principle was put forward by chomsky (1991,1993, and 1995) in his generate crammer. it maintains that language and linguistic study follow economy principle, which means using the least effort to express the most information. this principle just coincides with ellipsis in function.
in this thesis, i think that brevity is the most obvious and common function of ellipsis, especially in daily language. and in both english and chinese, people advocate brevity. shakespeare once remarked, “brevity is the soul of wit”, and in chinese there are numerous idioms like “yan jian yi gai” (meaning compendious). however, apart from the function of brevity, ellipsis embodies other functions which are also pretty common in the two languages but less noticed.(hua xianfa,20xx)these functions distribute in both english and chinese unevenly and represent great colorfulness of language. exploring other functions of ellipsis and searching for functional recreation in translation will be of much benefit to both english to chinese and chinese to english translation.
i found that when chinese authors try to xyse ellipsis in english to chinese translation, they always initially put articles in the list. they consider that it is a common phenomenon that chinese always leave out personal articles. while it is obviously different in english that almost every sentence has a subject, we can see articles fluently. that is because when we translate from english to chinese, personal articles can be omitted, even though sometimes it may appear once, it can also be omitted if necessary. furthermore, if the objects can be seen obviously, personal articles should also be omitted. however, it never happens in english. from this point, it is not only allowable but also necessary when we translate personal articles which are objects in sentences into chinese.
in my point of view, the development of society has in some way has deliberately promoted the way of people’s thinking, translation system has become more and more perfect, people from all over the world have enjoyed the convenience. however, we can not neglect that there are still some problems in this field in china, and we have less influential chinese translators in the world. therefore, we still have a long way to go in translation.
iii. feasibility analysis
this academic paper is a feasible project and the reasons are as follows:
have great interests in the way of english-chinese translation.
have already studied translation methods and have been familiar with the functions and applications of ellipsis .
have collected enough references both chinese and western on ellipsis in
translation and do a scrupulous study of the relationship between them.
have a carefully planned schedule and have worked out a detailed outline of this thesis.
have acquainted myself with the correct format, a clear and complete structure required by the academic paper, and my adequate english competence will enable me to write in fluent and precise english.
instructor is a qualified translator who is familiar with the subject i havechosen.
iv. problems of the research and solutions
1. problems
despite the references i have collected and read, a thorough study of ellipsis in english-chinese translation from the point of freely using still needs far more. what’s more, owing to the limited ways of getting references in xinjiang, i will have to make full use of my present resources. also, this is the first time i have ever written such a serious academic paper. i am therefore a learner and lack the needed training and experience.
2. solutions
(1) i shall make full use of my already acquired references which come from books, magazines and the internet as well.
(2) i shall value my own original thoughts and mainly rely on detailed xysis that i have read from the books which have closely idea with my purpose.
(3) when i have difficulties in the writing process, i shall consult my instructor and seek for help.
v. necessary conditions
1. our university and school of foreign languages have provided the basic study and research conditions and facilities, including books and journals in the library and reading rooms.
2. the internet is another source of information and on the campus we have easy access to the internet.
3. i have been assigned an instructor to guide me through the whole process of planning and writing.
vi. outline
i. introduction
a. a brief introduction of ellipsis in translation
b. what should we pay attention to when dealing with ellipsis
c. the reason why ellipsis is so widely used in translation
1. chinese expressions are much briefer than that of english
2. english grammar is wee-knit and complete in sentence structure
ii. the principles of ellipsis
a. omitted words must be useless and unnecessary in the translated works
b. the meaning of the omitted words is implied in the test
c. omitted words which are self-evident
Ш. the functions and applications of ellipsis
a. the coherence of the meaning of expression
b. the coincidence of the manner of expression
1. ellipsis of articles
a. ellipsis of definite articles
b. ellipsis of indefinite articles
2. ellipsis of prepositions
3. ellipsis of pronouns
a. ellipsis of personal and impersonal pronouns
b. ellipsis of indefinite pronouns
c. ellipsis of relative pronouns
4. ellipsis of conjunctions
a. ellipsis of coordinating conjunctions
b. ellipsis of subordinate conjunctions
5. ellipsis of rhetoric
a. ellipsis of repeated words
b. ellipsis of synonyms
开题报告前工作计划篇5
影视动画的传统美术元素
[关键词]影视动画;水墨画;剪纸艺术;京剧扮相
传统美术作为我国五千年优秀民族文化的重要成分，是我国劳动人民在发展过程中创造出来的财富，具有丰富的文化底蕴，多彩的民间文化是我国民族文化的重要组成部分，具有最古老的艺术韵味，丰富着民族文化的内涵，是我国五千年传统文化的瑰宝。传统美术作为民间文化的重要载体，是我国劳动人民集体智慧的结晶，反映了我国劳动人民对生活的反思、乐观向上的精神品质。因此，影视动画对传统美术元素的应用不仅开拓了影视动画的发展空间，而且传扬了我国优秀的民族文化。
优秀的动画作品不仅要有动人的剧情、镜头语言的独特性、场景设计的完美性，其中优秀的角色造型是整部动画作品的核心，人物的特性、剧情的发展、作品的风格都需要通过角色造型来体现。出色的角色造型能够给人们留下深刻的印象，如米老鼠与唐老鸭就是海内外皆知的经典动画造型，其成功的造型深受人们喜爱，由此华特迪斯尼将动画发展为一种商业艺术形式，形成了一套产业链并因此获得了巨大的财富。现今的米老鼠与唐老鸭已成为著名的商业品牌，是国际动画商业市场的潮流代表。
一、影视动画与美术元素
影视动画是在造型艺术与影视艺术的基础上形成的一门独立的艺术形式，因此影视动画美术风格的形成深受美术与电影两种艺术类型的双重影响，造型艺术的艺术表现力、影视艺术的故事叙述性共同融入影视动画的创作中，使得影视动画的美术风格呈现出造型性与实用性。影视动画具有艺术性与写实性两种区分，艺术性的影视动画作品篇幅较短，讲究独特性、风格化，注重绘画技巧与创新尝试;而写实性的影视动画作品具有反映现实的特色，在故事叙述上趋于电影艺术。
现今，影视动画的商业性质越来越明显，加之新技术的运用使影视动画的美术风格发生了转变，一是继续探究艺术短片的发展前景，创作出更多独特的新形式;二是将其发展成为一种产业形式，以动画长片为主，具有商业化，新技术手段为美国商业动画的美术风格增添了新的光彩，显示出一定的创新性，但这种美术风格却使动画样式受到局限，动画创作变得模式化、复制化。
为了满足人类发展过程中的需求，中国传统美术便应运而生了，这是人类经过长时间探究自然与生命的成果，折射出人类的精神世界。传统美术是中国人民智慧的集合体，经过长期社会实践的累积使传统美术蕴涵的主题与寓意得到了升华，无数的主题体现着人文内涵的多姿多彩，传达着人们对生命的渴望、对生存的思考、对幸福生活的向往。由此可知，传统美术与影视动画在创作取材上有着共同的来源，即中华五千年优秀的历史文化，因此通过研究传统美术的创作主题提炼出优秀的元素，这对处于新时代背景下的影视动画创作具有极大的帮助，促进着我国影视动画的新发展。
二、影视动画的传统美术元素
(一)水墨画
水墨画是我国传统绘画艺术的主要成分，至今已有一千多年的发展历史，体现着中国文化的独特审美风格。为推动我国影视动画的发展，将水墨画运用到动画制作中，水墨动画片继承了传统水墨画的特色，并蕴涵着丰富的民族文化内涵，是中国人对艺术的创新。水墨动画片将美学与民族文化相结合，通过巧妙的方式将意境、气韵融入创作中，呈现在作品的格调与色彩中，令人充满遐想而引起共鸣，它所体现的艺术风格极具中国文化韵味。
传统美术艺术对我国影视动画的发展具有
